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Also available as part of a set with 1628A, B, C, D, and
E. Purpose and Scope: This publication provides a basic overview of proven
technologies for the assessment and remediation of petroleum releases in soil
and groundwater. This document does not address assessment and remediation of
releases to surface-water environments, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans
although releases to soil and groundwater may migrate to these receptors. This
document is intended as a guide for those who must deal with accidental releases
arising from the production, transportation, refining, and marketing of liquid
petroleum products or unrefined crude oil. This publication may also be a useful
manual for environmental professionals, regulatory agencies, consultants,
attorneys, fire marshals, and citizens. The use of technical terms has been
avoided where possible. Technical terms used are defined when first mentioned in
the text. Since publication of the second edition of API 1628 in 1989, new
technologies for the assessment, characterization, and remediation of petroleum
hydrocarbon releases have evolved. Examples include air sparging, passive
bioremediation, and field screening and analytical techniques. Incorporation of
risk and exposure assessment practices with the traditional components of
corrective action, known as Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA), is gaining
attention as a method to focus remedial measures and resources consistent with
the level of risk posed by a site to human health and the environment. Moreover,
ongoing research and field work in areas such as natural attenuation,
optimization of liquid hydrocarbon and groundwater recovery, liquid hydrocarbon
migration, and groundwater and vapor monitoring have resulted in effective and
cost-efficient methods for assessing and remediating subsurface petroleum
hydrocarbon releeases. The development of new federal and state regulatory
programs which require cleanup of petroleum releases has also contributed to the
need for a supplemental publication. In conjunction with the revision of this
document, API technical publications were prepared to provide additional detiail
on operation and maintenance for remediation systems (API 1628E), optimization
of hydrocarbon recovery (API 1628C), in-situ air sparging (API 1628D),
risk-based decision making (API 1628B), and natural attenuation processes